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This guide will assist you in understanding how to reference for your assignment. It contains examples to help you format your footnotes and bibliography.
The Australian Guide to Legal Citation 4th edition (AGLC 4) is a numbered style, meaning in-text citations are represented by a superscript number 1, 3, 8 and the details of the citation are included in a footnote in the body of your assignment. Where a bibliography is required, it should list all the citations used and other sources that were relied upon, organised alphabetically in sections, and placed at the end of your assignment.
Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools
Check your assessment or course details to determine if you are permitted to use generative AI tools to complete your assessment. Further information is available on the Why Academic integrity matters web page.
When citing content produced by these tools follow the examples in the AI section of the referencing guide.
AGLC 4 Examples
Case
Format
A v B (Year) Volume Report Page.
A v B [Year] court abbreviation case number.
Example
Alati v Kruger (1955) 94 CLR 216.
Salapo v Minister for Home Affairs [2019] FCA 67.
Notes
- Parties’ names should appear in italics.
- The name of the party bringing the action (the plaintiff or appellant) should appear first.
- The 'v' is pronounced 'and' in civil cases (e.g. "Alati and Kruger").
- The 'v' is pronounced 'against' in criminal cases (e.g. "Williams against the Queen").
- There is no full-stop (period) after the 'v'.
- Law report information is found in Report series.
- AGLC rule 2
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
A v B (Year) Volume Report Page ('Abbreviated Case Name').
Example
Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1 ('Tasmanian Dam Case'), 237.
Notes
- Where a case is well-known by an abbreviated form, the abbreviated form can be provided in brackets after the initial citation and may be used thereafter.
- AGLC rule 2.1.14
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
R v Defendant (Year) Volume Report Page.
Example
R v Reid [2007] 1 Qd R 64.
Kemp v The King (1951) 83 CLR 341.
Notes
- Rex or Regina should be abbreviated to ‘R’ where the Crown is the first-named party.
- Where the Crown is the second-named party, ‘The Queen’ or ‘The King’ should be used, as appropriate.
- Law report information is found in Report series.
- AGLC rule 2
Attorney General or Director of Public Prosecutions
Format
Applicant v A-G (Year) Volume Report Page.
DPP v Respondent (Year) Volume Report Page.
Example
Zecevic v DPP (Vic) (1987) 162 CLR 645.
Fardon v A-G (Qld) (2004) 223 CLR 575.
DPP (Cth) v De La Rosa (2010) 205 A Crim R 1.
Notes
- Where the Attorney General or the Director of Public Prosecutions is a party, use 'A-G' and 'DPP' respectively, followed by the state abbreviation in brackets if appropriate.
- AGLC rule 2.1.7
Format
Case name (Year) Volume Series Page.
Case name [Year] Series Number.
Example
Bunning v Cross (1978) 141 CLR 54.
Norton v The Queen [2001] WASCA 207.
Notes
- If the volume of a law report series are organised by volume number, round brackets are used eg. (2015).
- If the volume of a law report series are organised by year, use square brackets eg. [2015].
- These are normally reports with multiple volumes per year, so the year is vital to finding the case.
- A list of authorised Australian and UK law reports is found on the Griffith Law Library Guide.
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Re Subject (Year) Volume Report Page.
Example
Re Palmer; George v McIntyre (1902) 2 SR (NSW) 200.
Notes
- 'Re' means 'in the matter of'. When 're' is spoken out loud, 'in the matter of' should be said.
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Party 1 v Party 2; Ex parte Party 3 (Year) Volume Report Page.
Example
Re McBain; Ex parte Australian Catholic Bishops Conference (2002) 209 CLR 372.
Notes
- 'Ex parte' indicates that one party to an action is not present.
- The name of the party who is present is included in the citation.
- The 'E' in 'Ex' should be capitalised and 'parte' should be in lower case.
- Separate Ex parte from parties' names with a semicolon.
Format
Case name (Unreported, Court name, Judge name, Full date) pinpoint.
Example
R v Lowe (Unreported, Queensland Court of Criminal Appeal, Bond J, 15 February 1984) 11-12.
Notes
- AGLC Rule 2.3
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Legislative material
Format
Title Year (Jurisdiction) Pinpoint.
Examples
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Act 1955 (Cth).
Weapons Act 1990 (Qld) s 51(1).
Notes
- The Short Name of the Act or Instrument, including the year, should be in italics. The jurisdiction (e.g. ‘Cth’) is not italicised.
- Use pinpoints if referring to a specific parts of an Act. It is not necessary to cite parts or chapters when citing a specific section.
- AGLC rule 3.1
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Title Year (Jurisdiction) Pinpoint.
Example
Vicious Lawless Association Disestablishment Bill 2013 (Qld) s 2.
Notes
- Bills should be cited in the same manner as Acts, except the title should not be italicised. The word 'Bill' is used, rather than 'Act'.
- AGLC rule 3.2
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Explanatory Memorandum, Bill Citation Pinpoint.
Example
Explanatory Memorandum, Education (Overseas Students) Bill 2018 (Qld) 7.
Explanatory Memorandum, Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Bill 2006 (Vic).
Notes
- ‘Explanatory Memorandum’ should be replaced with ‘Explanatory Statement’ or ‘Explanatory Note(s)’ where appropriate.
- AGLC rule 3.7
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Title Year (Jurisdiction) Pinpoint.
Examples
Weapons Act 1990 (Qld) s 51(1)(a).
Corporations Act (No 50) 2001 (Cth) ss 3–5.
Australian Constitution 1900 ss 51(xix), (xxvii)
Notes
- Sections of an Act should be written as lower-case ‘s’ followed by a space and the section (and sub-section) number.
- There is no need to include Part or Chapter references.
- Multiple consecutive sections should be prefaced by 'ss' and be separated by an em dash (—)
- Multiple non-consecutive sections should be prefaced by 'ss' and be separated by a comma.
- AGLC rule 3.1.7
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Title Year (Jurisdiction) Pinpoint.
Example
Australian Constitution s 128.
Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (Imp).
Constitution of Queensland 2001 (Qld) s 4.
Notes
- The Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia may be referred to as the 'Australian Constitution' where there is no ambiguity.
- AGLC rule 3.6
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Delegated (Federal) or Subordinate (state) Legislation should be cited in the same manner as primary legislation.
Title Year (Jurisdiction) Pinpoint.
Examples
Health (Drugs and Poisons) Regulation 1996 (Qld) reg 9A.
Federal Court Rules 1979 (Cth) ords 4A.
Notes
- AGLC rule 3.4 and 3.1
| Term | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Order | ord |
| Orders | ords |
| Regulation | reg |
| Regulations | regs |
| Rule | r |
| Rules | rr |
| Subregulation | sub-reg |
| Subregulations | sub-regs |
| Sub-rule | sub-r |
| Sub rules | sub-rr |
Format
Gazette
Jurisdiction, Gazette Title, No Gazette Number, Full Date, Pinpoint.
Gazette notice
Author, 'Title of Notice' in Jurisdiction, Gazette Title, No Gazette Number, Full Date, Starting Page, Pinpoint.
Examples
Commonwealth, Invitation to comment-Genetically Modified Cotton Field Trial, No C2013G00654, 1 May 2013.
Mark Pitt, 'Amending Take of Land Notice (no.1) 2019' in Queensland, Queensland Government Gazette, Vol. 382, 11 October 2019, 222.
Notes
- AGLC rule 3.9.1
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Instrumentality/Officer, Instrument Title (Document Number, Full Date) Pinpoint.
Examples
Australian Securities and Investments Commission, ASIC Class Order – Credit Rating Agencies (CO 05/1230, 31 December 2005) [4].
Australian Taxation Office, Income tax and fringe benefits tax: Charities (TR 2011/4, 11 October 2011).
Notes
- Dates are written as 'Day Month Year'. See Other > Dates
- Pinpoint is optional. See also section on pinpoints (Other > Pinpoint references')
- AGLC rule 3.9.2
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Issuing Body, Title (at Full date) Pinpoint.
Examples
ASX, Listing Rules (at 04 November 2019).
Queensland Law Society, Australian Solicitors Conduct Rules (at 04 November 2019) r 5.1.
Notes
- AGLC rule 3.9.3
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Reproduced in a report series
Court, Practice Direction/Note Number/Identifier: Title of Practice Direction/Note, Citation to Report Series, Pinpoint.
Not from a report series
Court, Practice Direction/Note Number/Identifier: Title of Practice Direction/Note, Full Date, Pinpoint.
Examples
Queensland Supreme Court, Practice Direction Number 18 or 2018: Efficient conduct of Civil Litigation, 2018 12.
Federal Court of Australia, Central Practice Note: Native Title Practice Note, 25 October 2016, para 4.3.
Notes
- AGLC rule 3.9.4
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
International material
Format
Treaty Title, Parties’ Names, Opened for Signature, Treaty Series, Date of Entry into Force, Pinpoint.
Examples
Treaty between Australia and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Establishing Their Maritime Boundaries in the Timor Sea, Australia-Timor-Leste Signed 6 March 2018, (not yet in force).
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, opened for signature 10 December 1984, 1465 UNTS 85 (entered into force 26 June 1987) art 2(2).
Notes
- AGLC rule 8
- Treaty series should be included in the treaty citation. Treaty series may be organised by volume, by year or by deposit sequence.
- Do not use a comma or other punctuation before the pinpoint.
| Organised by | Format | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Year | Volume number Treaty Series abbreviation Starting Page | 23 UNTS 11 |
| Volume | [Year of volume] Treaty Series abbreviation Starting Page or Treaty number | [1981] ATS 6 |
| Deposit series | Treaty Series Abbreviation 'No' Sequential Number | CETS No 112 |
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Case Name (Parties’ Names) (Phase) Year, Volume and Report series Starting Page Pinpoint.
Example
Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary Arbitration between the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and the Republic of India (Bangladesh v India) (Arbitration) 2014 XXXII RIAA 1.
Notes
- AGLC rule 11.1
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Parties’ Names (Phase) (Year), Volume and Report Series Starting Page, Pinpoint.
Example
Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. v. Republic of Slovenia, (Decision) (2005), ARB/05/24 1.
Notes
- AGLC rule 11.2.1
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Parties Names (Phase) (Court) Chamber, Case Number, Full Date [Pinpoint].
Example
Prosecutor v Mahdi (Sentencing Judgement) (International Criminal Court), Case No ICC-01/12-01/15, 27 September 2016.
Notes
- AGLC rule 12.2
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Foreign domestic material
Format
Parties' names (Year) Volume Report Page.
Parties' names [Year] Report Volume.
Examples
Lloyd v Google llc [2018] EWHC 2599 (QB) 83.
R v Johnson-Haynes [2019] 4 WLR 133.
Notes
- The Law Reports, published by the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales, should be cited where available. The abbreviations for commonly used series in the Law Reports are in a table on page 252 of the AGLC Guide.
- See also section on report series (Cases > Report Series)
- AGLC rule 24.1
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Case Name [Year] Unique Court Identifier Judgement Number, Pinpoint.
Examples
R v Fazal [2009] EWCA Crim 1697, 11.
R (Morge) v Hampshire County Council [2009] EWHC 2940.
Notes
- The Law Reports, published by the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales, should be cited where available. The abbreviations for commonly used series in the Law Reports are in a table on page 252 of the AGLC Guide.
- AGLC rule 24.1.5
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Title and Year Jurisdiction Regnal Year and Chapter Pinpoint.
Examples
Offensive Weapons Act 2019 (UK).
Government of Wales Act 1998 (UK).
Notes
- AGLC rule 24.2 and 24.3
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Canadian cases should be cited as per domestic Australian cases, substituting the name of the appropriate law report.
Examples
R v Millington [2017] SCC 53.
The Coca-Cola Co of Canada Ltd v The Pepsi-Cola Co of Canada Ltd [1938] Ex CR 263.
Notes
- Where a decision is not reported in an official report series, a semi official provincial report series or an unofficial report series should be cited.
- Only federal Canadian reports are authorised. These are Supreme Court of Canada (SCR), Canadian Federal Courts (FC 1971-2003 or FCR 2004+) Exchequer Court of Canada (Ex CR 1875-1970)
- AGLC rule 15.1
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Title Statue Volume and Jurisdiction Year, Chapter, Pinpoint.
Examples
Privacy Act, RSC 1985, c P-21, s10 (1).
Copyright Act, RSC 1985, c C-42, s 25.
Notes
- AGLC rule 15.2
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Parties names, Volume Report Number Starting page, Pinpoint (Jurisdiction, Year).
Example
Roper v Simmons, 543 US 551, 567 (2005).
Waugh v Parker, 584 S.W.3d 748 (Ky, 2019).
Notes
- Court name should be omitted for US Supreme Court.
- AGLC rule 25.1
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Statute, Title chapter or volume number Abbreviated code name pinpoint Publishers name year of code and supplement.
Example
Federal Deposit Insurance Act, 12 USC §§ 1811–35a (2006).
Notes
- Abbreviated Code Name table is in AGLC4 25.2.3
- AGLC rule 25.2 - 25.7
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Case Name [Case name in English] [Year] Issue number Gazette or Report Series Starting page in Report Series Pinpoint.
Example
«兴业银行广州分行与深圳市机场股份有限公司借款合同纠纷案» [Guangzhou Branch of Industrial Bank Co Ltd v Shenzhen Airport Co Ltd — Loan Contract Dispute Case] [2009] 11 中华人民共和国最高人民 法院公报 [Gazette of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China] 30, 36.
Notes
- AGLC rule 16.2.1
- Where text in Chinese is included in a citation, it should appear as it does in the source (in simplified or traditional Chinese characters or pinyin).
- Chinese characters should not be italicised, in titles or otherwise. Instead, where an element of a citation would ordinarily be italicised according to the relevant rule of this Guide, Chinese characters forming that element should appear between guillemets (« »).
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Case Name, Court Name, Case Number, Full Date, Pinpoint.
Example
«焦其铸与重庆市信心农牧科技有限公司租赁合同纠纷案» [Jiao Qizhu v Confidence Farming Technology Co Ltd of Chongqing Municipality — Lease Contract Dispute Case], 重庆市第五中级人民法院 [Fifth Intermediate People's Court of Chongqing Municipality, People's Republic of China], 渝五中民终字第93号 [Economic Appeal No 93], 24 April 2008.
Notes
- AGLC rule 16.2.3
- Where text in Chinese is included in a citation, it should appear as it does in the source (in simplified or traditional Chinese characters or pinyin). Chinese characters should not be italicised, in titles or otherwise. Instead, where an element of a citation would ordinarily be italicised according to the relevant rule of this Guide, Chinese characters forming that element should appear between guillemets (« »).
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Title of Law (Jurisdiction) Promulgating Body, Order/Decree/Opinion Number, Full date of Promulgation, Pinpoint.
Examples
«中华人民共和国合同法» [Contract Law of the People's Republic of China] (People's Republic of China) National People's Congress, Order No 15, 15 March 1999.
«中华人民共和国物权法» [Property Law of the People's Republic of China] (People's Republic of China) National People's Congress, Order No 62, 16 March 2007.
Notes
- AGLC rule 16.3
- Where text in Chinese is included in a citation, it should appear as it does in the source (in simplified or traditional Chinese characters or pinyin). Chinese characters should not be italicised, in titles or otherwise. Instead, where an element of a citation would ordinarily be italicised according to the relevant rule of this Guide, Chinese characters forming that element should appear between guillemets (« »).
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Book
Format
FirstName LastName, Title (Publisher, Edition, Year) Pinpoint.
Examples
Tim Prenzler, Ethics and Accountability in Criminal Justice: Towards a Universal Standard (Australian Academic Press, 2nd ed, 2013).
Kelley Burton, Thomas Crofts and Stella Tarrant, Principles of Criminal Law in Queensland and Western Australia (Lawbook, 2011) 80-1.
Paul Rishworth et al, The New Zealand Bill of Rights (Oxford University Press, 2003).
Michael Kirby, Paradoxes and Principles (Federation Press, 2011) 74.
William Strunk, Jr and EB White, The Elements of Style (Allyn & Bacon, 4th ed, 2000).
M Davies et al, Focus: Torts (Lexis Butterworths, 8th ed, 2017) 317.
Notes
- Use only abbreviated publisher details (sufficient to identify them and no more)
- Omit unnecessary elements (e.g. edition, pinpoint)
- AGLC rule 6.1-6.9
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
FirstName LastName, ‘Chapter Title’ in FirstName LastName (ed), Title (Publication Details) Starting page, Pinpoint.
Example
Jeremy Waldron, ‘Do Judges Reason Morally?’ in Grant Huscroft (ed), Expounding the Constitution: Essays in Constitutional Theory (Cambridge University Press, 2008) 38.
Notes
- AGLC rule 6.6.1 - 6.6.2
- Subsequent references (see rule 1.4.1) to a chapter from an edited book should use the names of the authors of that particular chapter and should refer to the footnote in which the chapter is first cited.
Multiple authors
- If there are two or three authors, the names of all authors should be included and the word ‘and’ should separate the names of the last two authors.
- If there are more than three authors, the name of the author appearing first on the source should be included, followed by ‘et al’.
- AGLC rule 4.1.2
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Firstname Lastname (ed), Book title: Subtitle (Publisher, year).
Examples
Peter Birks (ed), New Perspectives in the Roman Law of Property: Essays for Barry Nicholas (Claredon Press, 1989).
Cedric Ryngaert et al (eds), Judicial Decisions on the Law of International Organizations (Oxford University Press, 2016).
RG Frey and Christopher Heath Wellman (eds), A Companion to Applied Ethics (Blackwell Pub Ltd, 2003).
Notes
- AGLC rule 4.1.3
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Publisher, Title, Volume number (at Full Date) Title number Name of Title, ‘Chapter Number Name of Chapter’ [Paragraph].
Examples
LexisNexis, Halsbury’s Laws of Australia, vol 50 (at 5 November 2019) 330 Primary Industry, ‘3 Fisheries’ [330-2000].
LexisNexis, Halsbury's Law of England (online at 5 November 2019) 50 Consequences of the Bankruptcy, ‘Consequences of the Bankruptcy for the Bankrupt,’ [635].
Notes
- AGLC Rule 7.7
- With online Encyclopaedias the ‘vol” number is replaced with (online at Date of retrieval)
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Electronic
Dictionary Title (online at Date of Retrieval) ‘Entry Title’ (def Definition Number).
Dictionary Title (Edition Number ed, Publication Year) ‘Entry Title’ (def definition Number).
Examples
Encyclopaedic Australian Legal Dictionary (online at 20 February 2018) ‘default judgement’ (def 1).
Macquarie Dictionary (5th ed, 2009) ‘handle’ (def 2).
Chambers Dictionary (13th ed, 2014) ‘éclair’.
A Dictionary of Law (9th ed, 2018) ‘kidnapping’.
Blacks law Dictionary (9th ed, 2009) ‘divided custody’.
Notes
- AGLC rule 7.6
Journal, newspaper, looseleaf
Journal article – print or electronic
Format
FirstName LastName, ‘Title’ (Year) Volume(Issue) Journal Starting Page, Pinpoint.
FirstName LastName, ‘Title’ [Year] Volume(Issue) Journal Starting Page, Pinpoint.
Examples
Reinhard Zimmermann and Jacques Du Plessis, ‘Basic Features of the German Law of Unjustified Enrichment’ [1994] 14 Restitution Law Review 21.
Gary Edmond et al, ‘Law's Looking Glass: Expert Identification Evidence Derived from Photographic and Video Images' (2009) 20 Current Issues in Criminal Justice 337.
Notes
- Round brackets around the year should be used where a journal is organised by volume. Square brackets should be used where a journal is organised by year. See also Cases > Report Series.
- AGLC rule 5.1 - 5.11
Multiple authors
- If there are two or three authors, the names of all authors should be included and the word ‘and’ should separate the names of the last two authors.
- If there are more than three authors, the name of the author appearing first on the source should be included, followed by ‘et al’.
- AGLC rule 4.1.2
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Newspaper article – electronic
Format
Author, ‘Title’, Newspaper (online) Date <URL>.
Examples
‘Xanana Gusmao Offers to Give Evidence that Could Embarrass Australia in Witness K Trial’ ABC Premium News (online), 5 November 2019 < https://web-a-ebscohost-com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=74d09e25-7eee-41c4-b089-55904c7d1848%40sdc-v-sessmgr03&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=P6S364698911619&db=anh>.
‘Fishing Law Changes in Queensland.’ Bowen Independent (online), 5 November 2016 < https://web-a-ebscohost-com.libraryproxy.griffith.edu.au/ehost/detail/detail?vid=4&sid=8374b027-0502-4dc7-a23a-6b06feb8940f%40sessionmgr4007&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#AN=9X9BOWNEWSMMGLSTRY000402254944&db=anh>.
Notes
- AGLC rule 7.11.2
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Author, 'Title', Section, Newspaper (Place of Publication, Full Date) Pinpoint.
Examples
Editorial, ‘Medicare by Name, No Longer by Nature’, News, The Age (Melbourne, 12 March 2004) 12.
Stephanie Peatling, 'Female Chief Justice Rewrites the Script', The Age (Melbourne, 31 January 2017) 6.
Abigail Hunter, 'He Stole My Son, Now I'm Alone in Hell', Times2, The Times (London, 3 December 2009) 3.
Notes
- Only use 'Section' where article appears in non-consecutively paginated section.
- AGLC rule 7.11.1
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Publisher, Title, vol number (at Service Number or Full Date) Pinpoint
Example
JW Carter, LexisNexis, Carter on Contract (at 20 February 2018) [19-001].
Notes
- AGLC rule 7.8
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Website, speech, conference
Video stream – YouTube or Vimeo
Format
Username, ‘Title’ (Media Platform, Full Date, Time) <URL>.
Example
Queensland Law Society, ‘Modern Advocate Lecture Series 2019’ (YouTube, 5 November 2019) <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhIru7j_TqE>.
Notes
- AGLC rule 7.16
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Author, ‘Document Title’, Web Page Title (Document Type, Full Date) Pinpoint <URL>.
Examples
‘High Court Bulletin’, High Court of Australia (PDF, 25 October 2019) <http://www.hcourt.gov.au/assets/library/hcabulletin/HighCourtBulletin2019_8.pdf>.
'About UNCITRAL', United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (Web Page) <https://uncitral.un.org/en/about>.
Queensland Law Society, ‘QLS Guide: Cybersecurity risk assessment tool for small law firms’, Cybersecurity (Web Page) [2] <https://www.qls.com.au/Content-Collections/Guides/Cybersecurity-risk-assessment-tool-for-small-law-f>.
Martin Clark, ‘Koani v The Queen’, Opinions on High (Blog Post, 18 October 2017) <http://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/opinionsonhigh/2017/10/18/koani-case-page/>, archived at <https://perma.cc/FD2P-M22L>.
Notes
- Omit author name if no author name is available.
- Where the author and web page title are identical, the author should not be included.
- Where available include the full date of last update of web page, if not available use the creation date.
- Where there is no date, the full date should be omitted.
- Pinpoints on web pages are usually paragraph numbers which should be in square brackets for example, [2].
- AGLC rule 7.15
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Speaker, “Title” (Speech, Forum, Location, Full date).
Examples
Justice Dyson Heydon, ‘Threats to Judicial Independence: The Enemy Within’ (Speech, Inner Temple, 23 January 2012).
Lord Sumption, ‘The Limits of Law’ (Sultan Azlan Shah Lecture, Kuala Lumpur, 20 November 2013).
Notes
- AGLC rule 7.3
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Author(s), ‘Title’ (Conference Paper, Name of Conference, Full Date).
Example
David Chessell, ‘Financial Centralisation: The Lion in the Path,’ (Conference Paper, Inaugural Conference of The Samuel Griffith Society, 24 July 1992).
Notes
- Date should be in the form Day Month Year.
- AGLC rule 7.2.4
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
Format
Author(s), ‘Title’ (Degree, University, Year).
Example
Helen O’Sullivan, ‘The Right to Silence at Trial: A Critique and a Call for a New approach’ (PhD Thesis, Griffith University, 2007).
Notes
- Where applicable, the full name of the relevant university or institution’s name should be used. The department or faculty to which the thesis or dissertation was submitted should not be included.
- AGLC rule 7.2.5
Titles
In the titles of all cited materials and in all headings, the first letter of the following should be capitalised:
- the first word in a title or heading (and a subtitle or subheading)
- the word following the hyphen in a hyphenated word
- all other words in the title except articles (eg 'the', 'a', 'an'), conjunctions (eg 'and', 'but') and prepositions (eg 'on', 'with', 'before', 'within', 'in').
- See AGLC rule 1.7 for additional information on capitalisation.
IP, unpublished, AI
Intellectual property material - patent, trademark
Format
Jurisdiction Code Intellectual Property Type Additional Information No Identification Number, filed/lodged on Full Date (Latest Registration Status Change on Full Date).
Examples
AU Patent Application No 2001248388, filed on 19 March 2001 (Ceased on 26 September 2006).
AU Trademark No 1901146, filed 19 January 2018 (Renewal due on 19 Jan 2028).
Notes
- Intellectual property covers patents (international and domestic,) trademark, design, plant breeders rights and any other IP materials.
- Jurisdiction code should adhere to the codes listed in WIPO Standard ST.3.
- Intellectual property type should appear as listed in the IP registration documentation.
- AGLC rule 7.9
Format
Output from [Software], [Creator] to [Recipient], [Day Month Year]
Example
Footnotes
- Output from ChatGPT, OpenAI to Fred Jones, 16 March 2023.
- Output from ChatGPT, OpenAI to John Smith, 26 April 2023. The output was generated in response to the prompt, ‘Provide an overview of the creation of the Australian Guide to Legal Citation’: see below Appendix A.
Notes
- Check your assessment or course details to determine if you are permitted to use generative AI tools to complete your assessment.
- Citation details can be provided in parentheses in the running text or in the footnotes, no bibliography entry is needed.
- Describe how you have used the AI tool, either in the running text or in the footnote.
Format
Body text,1 some other body text.2
Example
In-text
Arbitral tribunals are empowered to make orders to preserve the integrity of their own proceedings.1 While this power is usually explicitly conferred by arbitral rules,2 it is in any event a power inherently held by the tribunal.3
Footnotes
1. Christophe Schreuer, The ICSID Convention: A Commentary (Cambridge University Press, 1990).
2. London Court of International Arbitration Rules (2014) art 14.4(ii).
3. Hrvatska Elektroprivreda d.d. v. Republic of Slovenia, (Decision) (2005), ARB/05/24 1.
Notes
- Footnote numbers should appear in superscript, after any relevant punctuation.
- Each footnote entry should end with a period (full-stop).
- Learn how to insert footnotes and endnotes in Word for Office 365, Word 2019/2016/2013/2010/2007.
Format
Case name (Year) Volume Series Page, pinpoint .
Treaty title, date opened, Treaty series, pinpoint.
Author, 'Article title' (Year), Volume(number) Journal title starting page, pinpoint .
Example
Bunning v Cross (1978) 141 CLR 54, 66.
Norton v The Queen [2001] WASCA 207, [54].
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, opened for signature 23 May 1969, 1155 UNTS 331, art 19(c).
Julian Murphy, 'Homelessness and Public Space Offences in Australia – A Human Rights Orientated Case for Narrow Interpretation' (2019) 7(1) Griffith Journal of Law and Human Dignity 103, 114.
Notes
- Pinpoints appear at the end of a footnote.
- A pinpoint should be separated from the citation with a comma.
- Where a report or article has page numbers, just the page number should be included.
- Where a report or article uses paragraph numbers, the paragraph number should be enclosed in square brackets.
| Designation | Abbreviation | Plural | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Article | art | Articles | arts |
| Chapter | ch | Chapters | chs |
| Division | div | Divisions | divs |
| Paragraph | para | Paragraphs | paras |
| Part | pt | Parts | pts |
| Schedule | sch | Schedules | schs |
| Section | s | Sections | ss |
| Subsection | sub-s | Subsections | sub-s |
Rule
- The terms 'Ibid' and 'Cross-References' are used when referring to sources that have already been cited.
Format
Ibid
37. Previous full citation.
38. Ibid .
Cross-References
Author’s Lastname (n footnote number) Pinpoint.
Case Name (n Footnote Number) Pinpoint.
Legislation title (n Footnote Number) Pinpoint.
Examples
Ibid
37. Wilson v Bauer Media [2017] VSC 527.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid, 71.
Cross-References
11. Kylie Burns, '"In this Day and Age": Social Facts, Common Sense and Cognition in Tort Law Judging in the United Kingdom' (2018) 45.2 Journal of Law and Society, 226.
12. Montgomery v. Lanarkshire Health Board [2015] UKSC 11 ('Montgomery')
13. Burns (n 11) 15.
14. Montgomery (n 12) 17.
Notes
Ibid
- Use Ibid to refer to the immediately preceding citation.
- Ibid may be used more than once consecutively.
- Ibid may be used with pinpoints.
Cross-References
- Use this rule to refer to previously cited footnotes that do not immediately precede the current one.
- Where referring to the immediately preceding footnote, 'Ibid' should be used.
- Use the author's Lastname or abbreviated case or legislation name
Format
Day Month Year
Example
19 May 2017
Notes
- No punctuation (commas, apostrophes et cetera) should be used.
- Ordinal indicators ('th', 'rd', 'st') are not used.
Can't find it?
Consult the manual and authoritative web sites for more information.
Citations
Acknowledge sources and authors in your writing using consecutive superscript reference numbers. These numbers correspond to the footnote reference numbers.
- In regards to the German civil code, Zimmermann and Du Plessis state general enrichment was 'the most outstanding feature of the German law of unjustified enrichment'.1
- The legislation2 indicates that.....
- The Court held in Alati v Kruger3 that...
- 1 Reinhard Zimmermann and Jacques Du Plessis, ‘Basic Features of the German Law of Unjustified Enrichment’ [1994] 14 Restitution Law Review 21.
- 2Weapons Act 1990 (Qld) s 51(1).
- 3Alati v Kruger (1955) 94 CLR 216.
Take note:
- insert footnote numbers as superscripts 2, 9, 11, after any relevant punctuation
- add a full stop to the end of each footnote entry
- using ‘Ibid’ where a footnote relates to the preceding reference
- using ‘Cross References’ to refer to a previously used footnote which does not immediately precede the current one. Replace ‘n’ with the footnote number of the reference.
Bibliography
Where a bibliography is required it lists all sources that were relied upon, not just those cited in-text or in footnotes. Place the bibliography on a new page at the end of your assignment and centre the heading of "Bibliography".
In your bibliography:
- divide citations into sections with the following headings: A Articles/Books/Report, B Cases, C Legislation, D Treaties, E Other
- omit sections or include other sections as deemed necessary
- invert the first author's name in the bibliography for example: Surname, FirstName -- Dehm, Sara
- list citations under each section heading alphabetically by surname by the first listed author
- sort authors with the same last name alphabetically according to their first names
- sort multiple works by the one author in alphabetical order by title
- do not place a full stop at the end of the citation
- do not include pinpoint references in the bibliography.
For more information consult manual rule 1.13.
Bibliography
A Articles/Books/Reports
Dehm, Sara, ‘Witchcraft Accusations as Gendered Persecution in Refugee Law’ (2018) 28(2) Social & Legal Studies 202
Mitchell, Andrew, Tania Voon and Jarrod Hepburn, ‘Taxing tech: Risks of an Australian Digital Services Tax under International Economic Law’ (2019) 20(1) Melbourne Journal of International Law 88
Schloenhardt, Andreas, Queensland Criminal Law (Oxford University Press, 4th ed, 2015)
B Cases
Commonwealth v Tasmania (1983) 158 CLR 1
R v Major [2015] 2 Qd R 307
C Legislation
Animal Care and Protection Act 2001 (Qld)
Australian Constitution
G20 (Safety and Security) Bill 2013 (Qld)
Serious and Organised Crime Legislation Amendment Act 2016 (Qld)
D Treaties
Treaty between Australia and the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Establishing Their Maritime Boundaries in the Timor sea, Australia-Timor-Leste Signed 6 March 2018, (not yet in force)
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, opened for signature 10 December 1984, 1465 UNTS 85 (entered into force 26 June 1987)
E Other
Royal Commission into Misconduct in the Banking, Superannuation and Financial Services Industry (Final report, February 2019) Vol 2
Official manual
Consult the official manual and library law guide for more information.
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Disclaimer
Referencing information is provided as a guide only and is based on the official manual or other authoritative sources where available. You should confirm referencing requirements for your course and consult the manual directly for more information.
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